Table D2: Overview long-term experiments available to SmartSoil.
Name of data set | Geographical region/ location | Time period | Soil types | Crops | Management treatments | |
Rothamsted Research | ||||||
01 | Broadbalk Continuous wheat experiment | Temperate; Harpenden, UK 51.82 N 0.35 W
| 1843 – Ongoing | Chromic Luvisol 25% clay 15% sand | Winter wheat | Long-term fertilizer treatments (NPK, FYM) with a range of N rates |
02 | Park Grass experiment | Temperate; Harpenden, UK 51.82 N 0.35 W | 1856 - ongoing | Chromic Luvisol 23% clay 19% sand | Permanent grassland | Long-term fertilizer treatments (NPK, FYM) with 4 pH levels |
03 | Hoosfield Barley experiment | Temperate; Harpenden, UK 51.82 N 0.35 W | 1852 – Ongoing | Chromic Luvisol 28% clay 15% sand | Spring barley | Long-term fertilizer treatments (NPK, FYM) with a range of N rates |
04 | Rates of straw experiment, Rothamsted | Temperate; Harpenden, UK 51.82 N 0.35 W | 1987 – Ongoing | Chromic Luvisol silty clay loam, 23% clay | Winter wheat | 4 rates of straw incorporated annually (0, 1, 2 and 4 times normal rate) |
05 | Rates of straw experiment, Woburn | Temperate; Woburn UK 52.02N 0.62 W | 1987 – Ongoing | Sandy loam, 8% clay | Winter wheat | 4 rates of straw incorporated annually (0, 1, 2 and 4 times normal rate) |
06 | Long-term Soil Fertility Experiment, Ultana | Cool Temperate; Sweden 60 N 17 E | 1956- ongoing | Eutric Cambisol 36.5% clay 22.5% sand | Arable rotation | Long-term fertilizer and manure treatments including types of N, FYM, peat, sewage sludge, straw |
07 | Long-term Soil Fertility Experiment, Orja | Cool Temperate; Sweden 55 ° 52 ‘ N 12 ° 53 ‘ E | 1957-2010 | Eutric Cambisol 23% clay 52% sand | Arable rotation Mainly w wheat, s barley, sugar beet | Long-term fertilizer and manure treatments with and without crop residues |
08 | Essai Permanent | Temperate; Belgium 50 ° 34 ‘ N 4 ° 43 ‘ E | 1959 – Ongoing | Eutric Cambisol 13.5% clay 5.4% sand | Arable rotation based on sugar beet with cereals | Long-term fertilizer and manure treatments with different crop residue treatments |
09 | Statischer Duengungsver- such Bad Lauchstadt | Temperate; Germany 51 °24 ‘ N 11 ° 53 ‘ E | 1903 – ongoing | Haplic Phaeozem 21% clay 11.2% sand | Sugar beet/s barley/potato/w wheat rotation | Long-term fertilizer and manure treatments with lime |
10 | Model experiment extremely high doses of FYM | Temperate; Germany 51 °24 ‘ N 11 ° 53 ‘ E | 1984-2009 | Haplic chernozem 21% clay 11% sand | Maize/potato/ sugar beet/ wheat rotation
| 3 high rates of FYM (50, 100 and 200 t/ha/yr) plus control |
11 | Model experiment extremely high doses of FYM | Temperate; Germany 51 °24 ‘ N 11 ° 53 ‘ E | 1984-2009 | Haplic chernozem 21% clay 11% sand | Bare Fallow | 3 high rates of FYM (50, 100 and 200 t/ha/yr) plus control |
VNIIA (All –Russian Institute for Agrochemistry) | ||||||
12 | DAOS 1 experiment Сomparative efficiency of FYM & inorganic fertilizers
| Cool Temperate (Southern Taiga) Moscow Oblast, Russia Latitude 55.92 longitude 37.53 | 1931- ongoing | Podzoluvisol Clay 18% Sand 11% | black fallow, winter wheat, potatoes (since 1994 sunflower), oat | Control Manure different rates lime NPK different rates NPK + lime lime + manure Aftereffect of fertilizers since 2003 |
13 | DAOS 2 experiment Comparative efficiency of FYM & inorganic fertilizers
| Cool Temperate (Sourthern Taiga) Moscow Oblast, Russia Latitude 55.92 | 1931- ongoing | Podzoluvisol Clay 26% Sand 8% | Clover fallow, winter wheat, potatoes (since 1994 sunflower), oat with grasses | Control Manure different rates lime NPK different rates NPK + lime lime + manure Aftereffect of fertilizers since 2003 |
14 | DAOS 4 experiment. Efficiency of low-analysis and high-analysis concentrated fertilizers | Cool Temperate (Southern Taiga) Moscow Oblast, Russia Latitude 55.92 | 1933- ongoing | Podzoluvisol Clay 20% Sand 10% | potatoes, (since 1994 sunflower), fodder beet, oat | Control Manure different rates NPK different rates Aftereffect of fertilizers since 2003 |
15 | Barybino experiment Sh 2. Efficiency of fertilization in combination with application of plant protection chemicals in arable crop rotation
| Cool Temperate (southern Taiga) Moscow Region Russia Latitude: 55.31
| 1960- ongoing | Podzoluvisol Clay 19% Sand 12% | vetch-oats, winter wheat, potato, barley + clover, clover, winter wheat | 1. Control, 2. 1 background - FYM 10t/ha + N390P300K455 per rotation; 3. 2 background - N690P450K815 per rotation. effect of different combinations of herbicides, fungicides and retardants |
16 | Barybino experiment Sh5. Efficiency of FYM organic matter on improving of sod-podzol soils fertility | Cool Temperate (Sourthern Taiga) Moscow Region Russia Latitude: 55.31 | 1964-1966 - ongoing
| Podzoluvisol Clay 19% Sand 12% | potato, winter wheat, fodder beat, spring barley | Control Manure different rates NPK different rates Manure + NPK different rates Aftereffect of fertilization since 1992 |
17 | Torzhok LTE Optimization of organic & mineral fertilizers rates in flax rotation based on long-term fertilization influence on agrochemical soil properties
| Cool Temperate Southern Taiga) Tver Oblast Russia Latitude: 57.08
| 1948 - ongoing | Podsoluvisol Clay 7% Sand 80%
| black fallow, winter rue+clover, grasses, flax, potatoes, spring wheat, oat | Control NP; NK;PK; NPK Manure different rates Manure + NPK different rates
|
18 | Perm NIISKH LTE 2. Crop rotation system with maximum utilization of biological nitrogen
| Cool Continental (Southern Taiga) Perm region, Russia Latitude: 58.01 | 1977- ongoing | Podzoluvisol Clay 21% Sand 20% | Bare fallow, Winter rye, Wheat + legumes, Clover first year,/ Clover second year, Barley | 3 fertilizer backgrounds: PK NPK, NPK + 20 t/ha FYM |
19 | Perm NIISKH LTE 3. Fertilisation system on podzolic soil in Pre-Ural Region
| Cool Continental (Southern Taiga) Perm region, Russia Latitude: 57.89 | 1968- ongoing | Podzoluvisol Clay 19% Sand 20% | Bare fallow, Winter rye, Wheat + legumes, Clover first year,/ Clover second year, Barley | Control; Ca - background Ca – NP different rates; Ca + NK different rates; Ca + PK different rates Ca + NPK different rates; Ca + FYM different rates |
20 | Vladimir LTE. Effect of long-term fertilisation systems application for productivity of grain-row crop rotation, production quality and soddy podsolic soil fertility | Cool Temperate (Southern Taiga) Vladimir Oblast Russia Latitude: 56 5‘
| 1968- ongoing | Podzol Clay 8% Sand 74% | Lupine winter wheat barley potatoes | Control Different NPK combinations FYM and FYM+NPK in equivalent rates Conservation in 1984-89 with 2 fallowing fields |
21 | Don NIISKH LTE. Efficiency of different ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers in crop rotation
| Warm Continental (Southern Steppe) Rostov Region,, Russia Latitude: 47.26 Longitude: 39.89 | 1974- ongoing | Calcic chernozem | Bare fallow, winter wheat, maise, barley, silage maize, winter wheat, . peas, winter wheat, sunflower | different nutrient rates with (equivalent) inputs of major nutrients given either in mineral fertilizers or in manure. Also treatments receiving only N,P,K,NP,NK,PK |
22 | Voronezh Sugar Beet Institute’s LTE. Fertilisation system for sugar beet and other crops in beet rotation
| Warm Continental (Typical Steppe) Russia Latitude: 51.618016 Voronezh | 1935- ongoing | Luvic chernozem | silage maize; winter wheat ; sugar beet; barley+clover; clover; winter wheat; sugar beet; pease; winter wheat | different nutrient rates with (equivalent) inputs of major nutrients given either in mineral fertilizers or in manure |
University of Copenhagen (UCPH) | ||||||
23 | Combined food and energy production system (CFE) for enhanced provision of ecosystem service | Temperate/ Denmark 56° 1 N, 10 º 00 E | 1995-ongoing | Luvisol/phaeozem with clay illuviation (FAO, 1990) Loamy-clay | Clover, grass sp. wheat, oat, fodder beet, barley (food and feed component) willow, hazel and alder (energy component) | Treatment 1 (spacing of hedgerows at 50, 100 and 200 m apart Treatment 2 (pasture, cereal and biomass component contribution to ecosystem goods and services |
Aarhus University (AU) | ||||||
24 | Cropping system experiment for organic and conventional arable farming (CROPSYS) | Temperate/ Denmark 3 sites: 54°54'N, 9°8'E 56°30'N, 10°6'E 55°20'N, 11°23'E | 1997-ongoing | Sand, Humic Podzol Loamy sand, Mollic Luvisol Loamy sand, Glossic phaeozem | Grass-clover, winter wheat, spring barley, spring wheat, potato, pulse crops (pea, lupin, faba bean) | Three factors: Crop rotation (organic and conventional with varying proportions of grass-clover), manure (with and without), cover crop (with and without) |
25 | Tillage system experiment (CENTS) | Temperate, Denmark 2 sites:
56°30'N, 10°6'E 55°20'N, 11°23'E | 2003- ongoing | Loamy sand, Mollic Luvisol Loamy sand, Glossic phaeozem | Wheat Oilseed rape Peas Oats Barley | Two factorial experiement: Four tillage systems (ploughed, deep non inversion tillage, surface non-inversion tillage, no-tillage) Different crop rotations |
26 | Askov long term fertilizer experiment | Temperate, Denmark, Askov Lat 55° 28’ Long 9° 07’ | 1894 - ongoing | Sandy loam, Agriudoll
| Wheat Sugar beet Grass-clover Barley | Different mineral and organic fertiliser rates |
University of Florence (UNIFI) | ||||||
27 | Long Term Experiment MOLTE Long-term comparison of various management systems in the Montepaldi experimental farm (Florence, ITALY)
| Mediterranean area central Italy Montepaldi (FI) Lat 43° 40’ 16’’ Long 11° 09’ 08’’
| 1989/90 ongoing | Silty-loam subalcaline soil related to the Fluventic Xerochrepts | Corn Wheat Clover Barley
| Three micro-farms as example of three different management systems: Organic old farming system New organic framing system Conventional farming system
|
28 | Long Term Experiment CIRAA Tillage for Soybean-Wheat | Italy Longitude: 10 degrees 19 minutes East Latitude: 43 degrees 40 minutes North | 1981 ongoing | Typic Xerofluvent (USDA) | Sorghum Spring Barley Sunflower Soybean Winter Wheat | Deep ploughing Application of inorganic fertilizer (kg/ha) Herbicide Straw incorporation
|
29 | DAAPV long-term rotation | Medium Tevere Valley (Perugia), Central Italy
43°6′43.56″N 12°23′19.68″E | 1971 ongoing | Fluventic Xerochrept soils with clay and poor of organic matter | Wheat other typical crops of central Italy | Wheat rotated with other crops or in mono succession. Factorial combination of crossed parcel scheme plot, 3 replications, 198 elementary parcels with two types of management: removal of crop residues sink of crop residues, with an integration of mineral nitrogen (10 kg t-1)
|
30 | Valuation of cropping systems with different energy inputs in Mediterranean semi-arid environment | Mediterranean semi-arid Italy Longitude: 13 degrees 31 minutes East Latitude: 37 degrees 30 minutes North | 1991 ongoing | Fluvi-Calcaric Cambisol (FAO-UNESCO, 1990). No root limiting layer | Wheat-Leguminous forage | Traditional management
Tillage systems for each crop: Ploughing and two harrowing Chiseling and ploughing
No tillage Application of inorganic fertilizer (kg/ha): Herbicide: Straw in corporation |
31 | Fertilisations and crop residue incorporation in silty loam soil | Warm temperate mediterranean climate. Legnaro (PD), Italy, Longitude: 11 degrees 21 minutes East Latitude: 45 degrees 11 minutes North | 1966 ongoing | Fluvi-Calcaric Cambisol (FAO-UNESCO, 1990). No root liiting layer. | Wheat, maize, tomato and sugarbeet | 3 crop residues management procedures. 5 levels of Nitrogen fertilization. Addition of mineral P and K |
32 | Nitrogen fertilisation and crop residue incorporation in three types of soil
| Warm temperate mediterranean climate. Legnaro (PD), Italy, Longitude: 11 degrees 21 minutes East Latitude: 45 degrees 11 minutes North | 1966 ongoing | Three types of soil in the experimental boxes: sandy loam and medium clay | Wheat, maize, tomato and sugarbeet | Four-year rotation
Six doses of nitrogen are compared in factorial combination with the landfill or removal of residues from previous crop.
|
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM) | ||||||
33 | Long term fertilisation and crop residue incorporation in two types of soil | Mediterranean climate in a plateu with cold winters, advective conditions. Albacete, Spain, Longitude: 1 degrees 51 minutes East Latitude: 38 degrees 57 minutes North, 704 m altitude | 1970 ongoing | Calcaric fluvisol and (FAO-UNESCO, 1990). No root liiting layer. | Wheat, maize | Nitrogen fertilization (5 levels), reside management (2 levels), irrigation management (2 levels) |