Technical tips for the use of strawberry as living mulch

Functional management strategies were identified

In collaboration with several producers (Fig.1) some critical steps on mulches management have been identified. The on-farm experience confirmed the promising perspective of the technique but stressed the need for some simple practical precautions for an easier implementation.

Figure 1: Mulch with strawberry is used also as a commercial claim from the Colle Stefano Winery, involved in the research project. 

The main indications for optimal management can be resumed as: 

1. Introduction of mulches in the ecosystem should take place within the first years after establishment of the orchard. The best timing would be at the end of the first year after transplanting, although an introduction of mulching during the second, or even third year is acceptable. 
2. Mulch installation should take place in autumn, in order to avoid the risks of water stresses, and after a superficial tillage, to reduce weeds competition during the initial stage. 
3. Mulch plantlets should be established in the area surrounding the trunk, in a parcel of about 20-30 cm of diameter. Such an area is hard to manage by mechanical tillage and generally requires manual intervention, thus making its management particularly time consuming.
   A single strawberry plantlet per side of the main crop might be enough for a quick soil cover of the area surrounding the trunk, in fresh soil and with abundant rain. The number of plantlets can be increased up to two per side in clay soils, in the presence of a high risk of drought stress or in groves with lower planting density. 
4. During the first year after transplanting it is necessary to provide to the strawberry the necessary advantage, in order to guarantee a quick soil cover. That can be achieved, for instance, by a selection at root level, by adopting an underground blade (Fig.2).
   If it has been planned to use a machine with feelers it is recommended to protect the young plantlets with an iron stick.

5.     Figure 2: The tillage with blade provides to the plantlets the necessary advantage.  

The blade controls all weeds with a tap root while it doesn’t damage plants with fibrous and shallow roots, thus favouring their development. Furthermore, when using stoloniferous species, the blade softens the soil and contributes in moving the new plantlets toward the direction of the labouring, thus amplifying the colonization. A necessary advantage to the plantlets can be provided also by frequent weeding, run with precision machinery not damaging the mulch (Fig.3).

Figure 3: On clay and compact soils the selection can be operated of the weed at canopy level with a precision farming approach.

All general indications need to be opportunely adapted to specific microclimate in the soil and agronomic conditions. Nevertheless, the preliminary experiences confirm the possibility to manage weeds without continuously generating a biological vacuum such as with tillage or herbicides, but rather addressing the biological community toward a more sustainable composition.

Read more at the CORE Organic website: www.coreorganic.org , find publications from the project at:

Financial support for this project has been provided by funding bodies within the FP7 ERA-Net CORE Organic Plus, and with cofounds from the European Commission.

Authors info

Serena Polverigiani, Matteo Zucchini, Davide Neri, Università Politecnica delle Marche.  Fabio Marchionni, Colle Stefano Winery, Italy. 

s.polverigiani@gmail.com d.neri@univpm.it fabio.collestefano@gmail.com