Drug targeting is a methodology that helps to overcome the side effects of therapeutic molecules. However, insufficient targeting specificity and the on-target/off-site delivery leave much room for improvement in the targeting endeavors. One approach to enhance the specificity of drug targeting is to engineer artificial receptors with recognition ligands not observed in nature. To this end, artificial internalizing receptors that feature cholesterylamine as the artificial pull-in mechanism, and…

Large-scale and continuous conformational changes in the RNA self-folding process present significant challenges for structural studies, often requiring trade-offs between resolution and observational scope. Here, we utilize individual-particle cryo-electron tomography (IPET) to examine the post-transcriptional self-folding process of designed RNA origami 6-helix bundle with a clasp helix (6HBC). By avoiding selection, classification, averaging, or chemical fixation and optimizing cryo-ET data…

Integration of living cells with extrinsic functional entities gives rise to bioaugmented nanobiohybrids, which hold tremendous potential across diverse fields such as cell therapy, biocatalysis, and cell robotics. This study presents a biocompatible method for incorporating multilayered functional liposomes onto the cell surface, creating extracellular artificial organelles or exorganelles. The introduction of various extrinsic functionalities to cells is achieved without comprising their…