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Publications

2024

Baird, J. A., Kamash, Z. & Raja, R. (2024). "The Sanctuary of Bel in Perspective: Selective Destructions, Selective Memories, Selctive Realities", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). Palmyra in Perspective, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 231-248.

Bobou, O. (2024). "Children in Palmyra", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 481-498.

Bobou, O., Miranda, A. C., Raja, R., Steding, J., & Yon, J.-B. (2021) [2024]. "Harald Ingholt and Palmyra: Documenting the Oasis City through the Legacy of the Founder of Berytus", Berytus Archaeological Studies 61-62, 11-43.

Bobou, O., Raja, R. & Steding, J. (2024). "Harald Ingholt on Palmyra in his own Words: Audience, Language, and Contexts in Ingholt’s Archaeological Reports, Newspaper Articles, and Field Diaries", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). Palmyra in Perspective, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 5-96.

Raja, R. (2024). "Nurbel – A Hitherto Unknown Palmyrene Centurion: The Vitis Staff in Palmyrene Funerary Art", in: Killen, S., Scheuble-Reiter, S. & Schmidt, S. (eds.), Caput Studiorum. Festschrift für Rudolf Haensch zu seinem 65. Geburtstag, Philippika. Altertumswissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Contributions to the Study of Ancient World Cultures 177Wiebaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 325-339.

Raja, R. (2024). 'Between the Lines: Toward a Recontextualized Archaeological Practice through Dialogues between Fieldwork and Archival Research', in: Raja, R. (ed.), Between the Lines, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 12.1. Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania University Press, pp. 1-19.

Raja, R. (2024)."Palmyra–Tadmor in the Syrian Desert: An Introduction to the Handbook of Palmyra", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-12. 

Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). Palmyra in Perspective, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.
DOI: 10.1484/M.SPAH-EB.5.136360

Raja, R. 2024. "Palmyra in Perspective: A Decade of Research in Retrospect’, in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). Palmyra in Perspective, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1-4.

Raja, R. (2024). "Religious Life and Priestly Representations in Palmyra", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 467–480.

Raja, R. (2024). "Revisiting the Palmyrene Pantheon: Methodological Considerations on the Many and the Few – The Nature of the Evidence",in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). Palmyra in Perspective, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 119-138.

Raja, R. (2024). "The Banqueting Tesserae from Palmyra: Tokens for Religious Events", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 517–530. 

Raja, R. (2024). "The Palmyrene Funerary Sculpture", in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 417-432.

Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). Between the Lines, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 12.1. Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania University Press.

Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Steding, J. (2024). "The Production Economy of Funerary Portraiture" in: Raja, R. (ed.) (2024). The Oxford Handbook of Palmyra, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 499-515.

2023

Andrade, N. & Raja, R. (2023). ”Economy and Circularity at Roman Palmyra: Reconsidering Aspects of the Ancient Economy on the Basis of Single-Site Analysis”, in: Andrade, N. & Raja, R. (eds.), Exchange and Reuse in Roman Palmyra. Examining Economy and Circularity, Turnhout: Brepols, 1-6.

Andrade, N. & Raja, R. (eds.) (2023). Exchange and Reuse in Roman Palmyra. Examining Economy and Circularity, Turnhout: Brepols. 

Bobou, O. (2023). “The Jewellery of the Women of Palmyra: Inheritance and Reuse”, in: Andrade, N. & Raja, R. (eds.), Exchange and Reuse in Roman Palmyra. Examining Economy and Circularity, Turnhout: Brepols, 75-82.

Bobou, O. & Raja, R. (2023). Palmyrene Sarcophagi, 2 vols, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 10, Turnhout: Brepols.

Heyn, M. & Raja, R. (2023). "Unusual Iconographies, Choices, Musts and Sculptural Tradition in Palmyra", in: Heyn, M. & Raja, R. (eds.), Odds and Ends: Unusual Elements in Palmyrene Iconography, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 9, Turnhout: Brepols, 1-8.

Heyn, M. & Raja, R. (eds.) (2023). Odds and Ends: Unusual Elements in Palmyrene Iconography, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 9, Turnhout: Brepols.

Jiménez, J. C. Romanowska, I. Raja, R. & Seland, E.H. (2023). “Modelling an urban Hinterland: The Case of Roman Palmyra”, in: Andrade, N. & Raja, R. (eds.), Exchange and Reuse in Roman Palmyra. Examining Economy and Circularity, Turnhout: Brepols, 7-24.

Raja, R. (2023). "Luxury Jewelry in Palmyrene Funerary Art: Necklaces with Portrait Busts Carried by Women Represented the Funerary Sculpture", in Heyn, M. & Raja, R. (eds.), Odds and Ends: Unusual Elements in Palmyrene Iconography, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 9Turnhout: Brepols, 85-114.

Raja, R. (2023). "As Close as You Can Get: Mourning Women in Palmyrene Funerary Art", in Heyn, M. & Raja, R. (eds.), Odds and Ends: Unusual Elements in Palmyrene Iconography, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 9Turnhout: Brepols, 115-150.

Raja, R. (2023). "Coining Urban Religion: Reflections on Urban Sanctuaries Depicted on Roman Cvic Coinage from the Near East", in: Raja, R. & Rüpke J. (eds), Urban Representatios of Religion, Religion in the Roman Empire, 9.3 (Special Issue), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 346-366.

Raja, R. & Rüpke, J. (2023). "Representing Religion as a Strategy in the Cities of the Roman Empire", in: Raja, R. & Rüpke J. (eds), Urban Representatios of Religion, Religion in the Roman Empire, 9.3 (Special Issue), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 303-309.

Raja, R. & Rüpke, J. (eds) (2023). Urban Representatios of Religion, Religion in the Roman Empire, 9.3 (Special Issue), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Steding, J. (2023). “Recarving of Palmyrene Funerary Portraits”, in: Andrade, N. & Raja, R. (eds.), Exchange and Reuse in Roman Palmyra. Examining Economy and Circularity, Turnhout: Brepols, 59-74.

2022

Andrade, N. & Raja, R. "Alternative Urban Economies: The Case of Roman Palmyra", Journal of Urban Archaeology 6, 31-47. DOI: 10.1484/J.JUA.5.131732.

Campmany Jiménez, J., I. Romanowska, R. Raja and E. H. Seland. 2022. "Food security in Roman Palmyra (Syria) in light of paleoclimatological evidence and its historical implications", PLOS ONE, 17:9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273241

Miranda, A. C. & Raja, R. (2022). "Urban Religion in the Desert: The Case of Palmyra, An Anomalocivitas in the Roman Empire", in Religion in the Roman Empire 8:2, 159-170. DOI: 10.1628/rre-2022-0011.

Miranda, A. C. & Raja, R. (eds.) (2022). Urban Religion in the Desert: Perspectives from Palmyra, Religion in the Roman Empire 8:2, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Mortensen, E. & Raja, R. (2022). “Facing the Palmyrenes: Exploring Life and Death in a Desert City”, Current World Archaeology 111, 16-24.   

Raja, R. (2022). Pearl of the Desert: A History of Palmyra, New York: Oxford University Press.

Raja, R. (2022). "Revisiting the Palmyrene Banqueting Tesserae: Conceptualization, Production, Usage, and Meaning of the Palmyrene", in: Raja, R. (ed.), The Small Stuff of the Palmyrenes: Coins and Tesserae from Palmyra, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 5, Turnhout: Brepols, 5-67.

Raja, R. (ed.) (2022). The Small Stuff of the Palmyrenes: Coins and Tesserae from Palmyra, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 5, Turnhout: Brepols.

Raja, R. (2022). "The Small Stuff of the Palmyrenes: Coins and Tesserae from Palmyra", in: Raja, R. (ed.), The Small Stuff of the Palmyrenes: Coins and Tesserae from Palmyra, Studies in Palmyrene Archaeology and History 5, Turnhout: Brepols, 1-3.

Raja, R. (2022). "Urban Religion in Palmyra: Tiny Evidence in a Big City", in Religion in the Roman Empire 8:2, 221-240. DOI: 10.1628/rre-2022-0014.

2020