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Distinct Network Morphologies from In Situ Polymerization of Microtubules in Giant Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles

Creating artificial cells with a dynamic cytoskeleton, akin to those in living cells, is a major goal in bottom-up synthetic biology. In this study, we demonstrate the in situ polymerization of microtubules encapsulated in giant polymer-lipid hybrid vesicles (GHVs) composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and an amphiphilic block copolymer. The block copolymer is comprised of poly(cholesteryl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic block and either poly(6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactopyranose) or poly(carboxyethyl acrylate) as the hydrophilic extension. Depending on the concentrations of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or its slowly hydrolyzable analog, guanosine-5′-[(α,β)-methyleno]triphosphate (GMPCPP), different microtubule morphologies are observed, including encapsulated microtubule networks, spike protrusions, as well as membrane-associated or aggregated microtubules. Overall, this work represents a step forward in mimicking the cellular cytoskeletons and uncovering the influence of membrane composition on microtubule morphologies.

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Nielsen, K. H. (2014). 1847 - Industri. In Danmark bliver Danmark: Kamp, damp og genier i 1800-tallet (pp. 47). Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Kaalund, S. S., Venø, M. T., Bak, M., Møller, R. S., Laursen, H., Madsen, F., Broholm, H., Quistorff, B., Uldall, P., Tommerup, N., Kauppinen, S., Sabers, A., Fluiter, K., Møller, L. B., Nossent, A. Y., Silahtaroglu, A., Kjems, J., Aronica, E. & Tümer, Z. (2014). Aberrant expression of miR-218 and miR-204 in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis-Convergence on axonal guidance. Epilepsia, 55(12), 2017-2027. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12839

Wittenborn, T. R., Larsen, E. K. U., Nielsen, T., Rydtoft, L. M., Hansen, L., Nygaard, J. V., Vorup-Jensen, T., Kjems, J., Horsman, M. R. & Nielsen, N. C. (2014). Accumulation of nano-sized particles in a murine model of angiogenesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 443(2), 470-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.127

Brereton, T., Hirsch, C., Schmidt, V. & Kroese, D. (2014). A critical exponent for shortest-path scaling in continuum percolation. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 47(50), 505003.

He, Y., Zhang, P., Hou, X., Xu, J., Wang, M., Wu, Y., Qu, J. & Dong, MD. (2014). Adjusting the electronic properties of silicon carbide nanoribbons by introducing edge functionalization. R S C Advances, 4(66), 35042-35047. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04351k

Nielsen, C., Kjems, J., Sorensen, K. R., Engelholm, L. H. & Behrendt, N. (2014). Advances in targeted delivery of small interfering RNA using simple bioconjugates. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 11(5), 791-822. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2014.896898

Nørnberg, P., Bak, E. N., Finster, K., Gunnlaugsson, H. P., Iversen, J. J., Jensen, S. K. & Merrison, J. P. (2014). Aeolian comminution experiments revealing surprising sandball mineral aggregates. Aeolian Research, 13, 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.009

Stenzel, O., Hirsch, C., Brereton, T., Baumeier, B., Andrienko, D., Kroese, D. & Schmidt, V. (2014). A general framework for consistent estimation of charge transport properties via random walks in random environments. Multiscale modeling simulation, 12(3), 1108-1134.

Jiang, Z., Li, J., Aslan, H., Li, Q., Li, Y., Chen, M., Huang, Y., Froning, J. P., Otyepka, M., Zbořil, R., Besenbacher, F. & Dong, MD. (2014). A high eﬃciency H₂S gas sensor material: paper like Fe₂O₃/graphene nanosheets and structural alignment dependency of device eﬃciency. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2, 6714–6717. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta15180h

Santl-Temkiv, T., Sahyoun, M., Ling, M., Boesen, T., Hartmann, S., Augustin, S., Stratmann, F., Wex, H., Korsholm, U. S., Nielsen, N. W., Sørensen, J. H., Karlson, U. G. & Finster, K. (2014). Airborne Pseudomonas sp. and the ice nucleation activity of their cell fragments.

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