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Distinct Network Morphologies from In Situ Polymerization of Microtubules in Giant Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles

Creating artificial cells with a dynamic cytoskeleton, akin to those in living cells, is a major goal in bottom-up synthetic biology. In this study, we demonstrate the in situ polymerization of microtubules encapsulated in giant polymer-lipid hybrid vesicles (GHVs) composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and an amphiphilic block copolymer. The block copolymer is comprised of poly(cholesteryl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic block and either poly(6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactopyranose) or poly(carboxyethyl acrylate) as the hydrophilic extension. Depending on the concentrations of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or its slowly hydrolyzable analog, guanosine-5′-[(α,β)-methyleno]triphosphate (GMPCPP), different microtubule morphologies are observed, including encapsulated microtubule networks, spike protrusions, as well as membrane-associated or aggregated microtubules. Overall, this work represents a step forward in mimicking the cellular cytoskeletons and uncovering the influence of membrane composition on microtubule morphologies.

Recent publications by network

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Blank, S., Seismann, H., Michel, Y., McIntyre, M., Cifuentes, L., Braren, I., Grunwald, T., Darsow, U., Ring, J., Bredehorst, R., Ollert, M. & Spillner, E. (2011). Api m 10, a genuine A. mellifera venom allergen, is clinically relevant but underrepresented in therapeutic extracts. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 66(10), 1322-1329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02667.x

Marini, M., Piantanida, L., Musetti, R., Bek, A., Dong, M., Besenbacher, F., Lazzarino, M. & Firrao, G. (2011). A Revertible, Autonomous, Self-Assembled DNA-Origami Nanoactuator. Nano Letters, 11(12), 5449-54. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203217m

Giehm, L., Lorenzen, N. & Otzen, D. (2011). Assays for alpha-synuclein aggregation. Methods, 53(3), 295-305.

Otzen, D. E. (2011). Assembling good amyloid some structures at last. Structure, 19(9), 1207-1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2011.08.005

Nielsen, J., Kristensen, A. K., Mailund, T. & Pedersen, C. N. S. (2011). A sub-cubic time algorithm for computing the quartet distance between two general trees. Algorithms for Molecular Biology, 6(15). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7188-6-15

Du, X., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Andreasen, M., Zhan, D., Feng, Y., Li, M., Zhao, M., Otzen, D., Xue, D., Yang, Y. & Liu, R. (2011). Aβ_1-16Can Aggregate and induce the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Inflammatory Cytokines. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 27(2), 401-413. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-110476

Li, Y., Liu, L., Subramani, R., Pan, Y., Liu, B., Yang, Y., Wang, C., Mamdouh, W., Besenbacher, F. & Dong, M. (2011). Building layer-by-layer 3D supramolecular nanostructures at the terephthalic acid/stearic acid interface. Chemical Communications, 47(32), 9155-9157. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc11443c

Yao, Y., Chen, D., Zhang, S., Li, Y., Tu, P., Liu, B. & Dong, M. (2011). Building the first hydration shell of deprotonated glycine by the MCMM and ab initio methods. Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, 115(19), 6213-21. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1117097

Nygaard, J. V., Uyar, T., Chen, M., Cloetens, P., Kingshott, P. & Besenbacher, F. (2011). Characterisation of internal morphologies in electrospun fibers by X-ray tomographic microscopy. Nanoscale, 3. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10304k

Bramsen, J. B. & Kjems, J. (2011). Chemical modification of small interfering RNA. Methods in Molecular Biology, 721(1), 77-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-037-9_5

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