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Distinct Network Morphologies from In Situ Polymerization of Microtubules in Giant Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles

Creating artificial cells with a dynamic cytoskeleton, akin to those in living cells, is a major goal in bottom-up synthetic biology. In this study, we demonstrate the in situ polymerization of microtubules encapsulated in giant polymer-lipid hybrid vesicles (GHVs) composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and an amphiphilic block copolymer. The block copolymer is comprised of poly(cholesteryl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic block and either poly(6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactopyranose) or poly(carboxyethyl acrylate) as the hydrophilic extension. Depending on the concentrations of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or its slowly hydrolyzable analog, guanosine-5′-[(α,β)-methyleno]triphosphate (GMPCPP), different microtubule morphologies are observed, including encapsulated microtubule networks, spike protrusions, as well as membrane-associated or aggregated microtubules. Overall, this work represents a step forward in mimicking the cellular cytoskeletons and uncovering the influence of membrane composition on microtubule morphologies.

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Andersen, M. Ø., Lichawska, A., Arpanaei, A., Jensen, S. M. R., Kaur, H., Oupicky, D., Besenbacher, F., Kingshott, P., Kjems, J. & Howard, K. A. (2010). Surface functionalisation of PLGA nanoparticles for gene silencing. Biomaterials, 31(21), 5671-5677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.069

Otzen, D. (2010). Surfactants and alcohols as inducers of protein amyloid: aggregation chaperones or membrane simulators? Lipids and membranes in amyloid diseases.

Nielsen, K. H. (2010). Technological Trajectories in the Making: Two Case Studies from the Contemporary History of Wind Power. Centaurus (Copenhagen), 52(3), 175-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2010.00179.x

Reinau, M. E., Thøgersen, I. B., Enghild, J. J., Nielsen, K. L. & Otzen, D. E. (2010). The diversity of FtsY-lipid interactions. Biopolymers, 93(7), 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.21404

Basse-O'Connor, A. (2010). The dynamics of stochastic processes. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aarhus University.

Nielsen, S. B., Wilhelm, K., Vad, B., Schleucher, J., Morozova-Roche, L. A. & Otzen, D. (2010). The interaction of equine lysozyme:oleic acid complexes with lipid membranes suggests a cargo off-loading mechanism. Journal of Molecular Biology, 398(2), 351-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.012

Lv, Y. A., Cui, Y. H., Li, X. N., Song, X. Z., Wang, J. G. & Dong, M. D. (2010). The point-defect of carbon nanotubes anchoring Au nanoparticles. Physica E-Low-Dimensional Systems & Nanostructures, 42(5).

Chen, M., Dong, M., Havelund, R., Regina, V. R., Meyer, R. L., Besenbacher, F. & Kingshott, P. (2010). Thermo-Responsive Core-Sheath Electrospun Nanofibers from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Polycaprolactone Blends. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 4214-4221. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm100753r

Jeppesen, M. D., Westh, P. & Otzen, D. E. (2010). The role of protonation in protein fibrillation. FEBS Letters, 584(4), 780-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.002

Kjems, J., Overgaard, J., Howard, K., Alsner, J., Besenbacher, F. & Nawroth, I. (2010). Treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis. (Patent No. WO2010085959A1).

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