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Distinct Network Morphologies from In Situ Polymerization of Microtubules in Giant Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles

Creating artificial cells with a dynamic cytoskeleton, akin to those in living cells, is a major goal in bottom-up synthetic biology. In this study, we demonstrate the in situ polymerization of microtubules encapsulated in giant polymer-lipid hybrid vesicles (GHVs) composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and an amphiphilic block copolymer. The block copolymer is comprised of poly(cholesteryl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic block and either poly(6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactopyranose) or poly(carboxyethyl acrylate) as the hydrophilic extension. Depending on the concentrations of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or its slowly hydrolyzable analog, guanosine-5′-[(α,β)-methyleno]triphosphate (GMPCPP), different microtubule morphologies are observed, including encapsulated microtubule networks, spike protrusions, as well as membrane-associated or aggregated microtubules. Overall, this work represents a step forward in mimicking the cellular cytoskeletons and uncovering the influence of membrane composition on microtubule morphologies.

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Ferkinghoff-Borg, J., Fonslet, J., Andersen, C. B., Krishna, S., Pigolotti, S., Yagi, H., Goto, Y., Otzen, D. & Jensen, M. H. (2010). Stop-and-go kinetics in amyloid fibrillation. Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 82(1 Pt 1), 010901.

Giehm, L. & Otzen, D. E. (2010). Strategies to increase the reproducibility of protein fibrillization in plate reader assays. Analytical Biochemistry, 400(2), 270-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2010.02.001

Giehm, L. & Otzen, D. (2010). Strategies to increase the reproducibility of α-synuclein fibrillation in plate reader assays. Analytical Biochemistry, 406(2), 270-281.

Spillner, E., Laursen, N. S., Christensen, J. B., Jensen, M., Fredslund, F., Sottrup-Jensen, L., Andersen, G. R., Gordon, N., Hermans, S., Lorenz, N., Jackson, N., Fraser, J. D., Wines, B. & Bjerre, M. (2010). Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 107(8), 3681-3686. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910565107

Hobolth, A. & Jensen, J. L. (2010). Summary statistics for end-point conditioned continuous-time Markov chains. Thiele Centre, Institut for Matematiske Fag, Aarhus Universitet.

Xu, W., Wang, J.-G., Jacobsen, M. F., Mura, M., Yu, M., Kelly, R. E. A., Meng, Q.-Q., Lægsgaard, E., Stensgaard, I., Linderoth, T. R., Kjems, J., Kantorovich, L. N., Gothelf, K. V. & Besenbacher, F. (2010). Supramolecular porous network formed by molecular recognition between chemically modified nucleobases guanine and cytosine. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(49), 9373-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201003390

Andersen, M. Ø., Lichawska, A., Arpanaei, A., Jensen, S. M. R., Kaur, H., Oupicky, D., Besenbacher, F., Kingshott, P., Kjems, J. & Howard, K. A. (2010). Surface functionalisation of PLGA nanoparticles for gene silencing. Biomaterials, 31(21), 5671-5677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.069

Otzen, D. (2010). Surfactants and alcohols as inducers of protein amyloid: aggregation chaperones or membrane simulators? Lipids and membranes in amyloid diseases.

Nielsen, K. H. (2010). Technological Trajectories in the Making: Two Case Studies from the Contemporary History of Wind Power. Centaurus (Copenhagen), 52(3), 175-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2010.00179.x

Reinau, M. E., Thøgersen, I. B., Enghild, J. J., Nielsen, K. L. & Otzen, D. E. (2010). The diversity of FtsY-lipid interactions. Biopolymers, 93(7), 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.21404

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