PLCarrots Class Reference

PLCarrots class
. More...

#include <PLCarrots.h>

Public Member Functions
virtual bool	Do (Farm *a_farm, LE *a_field, FarmEvent *a_ev)
	The one and only method for a crop management plan. All farm actions go through here. More...
	PLCarrots ()
Public Member Functions inherited from Crop
virtual	~Crop ()
	Crop ()
int	GetFirstDate (void)
void	ChooseNextCrop (int a_no_dates)
	Chooses the next crop to grow in a field. More...
int	GetCropClassification ()
void	SetCropClassification (int a_classification)

Additional Inherited Members
Protected Member Functions inherited from Crop
void	SimpleEvent (long a_date, int a_todo, bool a_lock)
	Adds an event to this crop management. More...
void	SimpleEvent_ (long a_date, int a_todo, bool a_lock, Farm *a_farm, LE *a_field)
	Adds an event to this crop management without relying on member variables. More...
Protected Attributes inherited from Crop
Farm *	m_farm
LE *	m_field
FarmEvent *	m_ev
int	m_first_date
int	m_count
int	m_last_date
int	m_ddegstoharvest
int	m_CropClassification

Detailed Description

PLCarrots class
.

See PLCarrots.h::PLCarrotsToDo for a complete list of all possible events triggered codes by the carrots management plan. When triggered these events are handled by Farm and are available as information for other objects such as animal and bird models.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

PLCarrots()

PLCarrots::PLCarrots ( )

inline

   {
        // When we start it off, the first possible date for a farm operation is 20th October
        // This information is used by other crops when they decide how much post processing of 
        // the management is allowed after harvest before the next crop starts.
        m_first_date=g_date->DayInYear( 5,11 );
   }

References Crop::m_first_date.

Member Function Documentation

Do()

bool PLCarrots::Do ( Farm *  a_farm, LE *  a_field, FarmEvent *  a_ev  )

virtual

The one and only method for a crop management plan. All farm actions go through here.

Called every time something is done to the crop by the farmer in the first instance it is always called with a_ev->todo set to start, but susequently will be called whenever the farmer wants to carry out a new operation.
This method details all the management and relationships between operations necessary to grow and ALMaSS crop - in this case conventional carrots.

Reimplemented from Crop.

{
    bool done = false; // The boolean value done indicates when we are totally finished with this plan (i.e. it is set to true).
    int d1 = 0;
    // Depending what event has occured jump to the correct bit of code
    switch (a_ev->m_todo)
    {
    case pl_ca_start:
    {
        // pl_ca_start just sets up all the starting conditions and reference dates that are needed to start a pl_sw
        PL_CA_STUBBLE_PLOUGH = false;
        PL_CA_WEEDING = false;
        PL_CA_HERBI = false;
 
        // Set up the date management stuff
        // The next bit of code just allows for altering dates after harvest if it is necessary
        // to allow for a crop which starts its management early.
 
        // 5 start and stop dates for all 'movable' events for this crop
        int noDates = 2;
        a_field->SetMDates(0, 0, g_date->DayInYear(30, 10)); // last possible day of harvest
        a_field->SetMDates(1, 0, g_date->DayInYear(30, 10));
        a_field->SetMDates(0, 1, 0); // start day of calcium application
        a_field->SetMDates(1, 1, g_date->DayInYear(30, 10)); // end day of calcium application
        // Can be up to 10 of these. If the shortening code is triggered
        // then these will be reduced in value to 0
 
        a_field->SetMConstants(0, 1);
 
        // Check the next crop for early start, unless it is a spring crop
        // in which case we ASSUME that no checking is necessary!!!!
        // So DO NOT implement a crop that runs over the year boundary (i.e. from spring to spring!), at least not without fixing this.
 
        //new if: do the check only for non-optimising farms and if year>0. (030713 - m_rotation used only in the hidden year, so I modified the condition from >7 to >0)
        //optimising farms not used for now so most of related code is removed (but not in 'start' case)
        if (!(a_farm->GetType() == tof_OptimisingFarm && g_date->GetYearNumber() > 0)) {
 
            if (a_ev->m_startday > g_date->DayInYear(1, 7)) {
                if (a_field->GetMDates(0, 0) >= a_ev->m_startday)
                {
                    g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "PLCarrots::Do(): ", "Harvest too late for the next crop to start!!!");
                    int almassnum = g_landscape_p->BackTranslateVegTypes(a_ev->m_next_tov);
                    g_msg->Warn("Next Crop ", (double)almassnum); // this causes exit
                }
                // Now fix any late finishing problems
                for (int i = 0; i < noDates; i++) {
                    if (a_field->GetMDates(0, i) >= a_ev->m_startday) {
                        a_field->SetMDates(0, i, a_ev->m_startday - 1); //move the starting date
                    }
                    if (a_field->GetMDates(1, i) >= a_ev->m_startday) {
                        a_field->SetMConstants(i, 0); //change the default value of the MConst (=1) to 0 (necessary to correctly execute farm events in case the finishing date (MDate) was moved)
                        a_field->SetMDates(1, i, a_ev->m_startday - 1); //move the finishing date
                    }
                }
            }
            // Now no operations can be timed after the start of the next crop.
 
            if (!a_ev->m_first_year) {
                // Are we before July 1st?
                d1 = g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 7);
                if (g_date->Date() < d1) {
                    // Yes, too early. We assumme this is because the last crop was late
                    printf("Poly: %d\n", a_field->GetPoly());
                    g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "PLCarrots::Do(): ", "Crop start attempt between 1st Jan & 1st July");
                    int prev = g_landscape_p->BackTranslateVegTypes(a_field->GetOwner()->GetPreviousCrop(a_field->GetRotIndex()));
                    g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "Previous Crop ", prev);
                    int almassnum = g_landscape_p->BackTranslateVegTypes(a_ev->m_next_tov);
                    g_msg->Warn("Next Crop ", (double)almassnum); // this causes exit
                }
                else {
                    d1 = g_date->OldDays() + m_first_date; // Add 365 for spring crop
                    if (g_date->Date() > d1) {
                        // Yes too late - should not happen - raise an error
                        g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "PLCarrots::Do(): ", "Crop start attempt after last possible start date");
                        g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "Previous Crop ", "");
                        a_field->GetOwner()->GetPreviousCrop(a_field->GetRotIndex());
                        int almassnum = g_landscape_p->BackTranslateVegTypes(a_ev->m_next_tov);
                        g_msg->Warn("Next Crop ", (double)almassnum); // this causes exit
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                // Is the first year
                // Some special code to cope with that first start-up year in ALMaSS - ignore for all practical purposes
                // Code for first spring treatment used
                if (a_farm->IsStockFarmer()) //Stock Farmer
                {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 3), pl_ca_ferti_s2, false, a_farm, a_field);
                }
                else SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 3), pl_ca_ferti_p2, false, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }//if
 
        // End single block date checking code. Please see next line comment as well.
        // Reinit d1 to first possible starting date.
        d1 = g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(20, 7);
        // OK, let's go.
        // Here we queue up the first event
        SimpleEvent_(d1, pl_ca_stubble_plough, false, a_farm, a_field);
    }
    break;
 
    // This is the first real farm operation
    case pl_ca_stubble_plough:
        // 20% will do stubble plough, but rest will get away with non-inversion cultivation
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(50))
        {
            if (!a_farm->StubblePlough(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(5, 11) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_stubble_plough, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                // 20% of farmers will do this, but the other 80% won't so we need to remember whether we are in one or the other group
                PL_CA_STUBBLE_PLOUGH = true;
                // Queue up the next event
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_autumn_harrow1, false, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_stubble_harrow, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_autumn_harrow1:
        if (!a_farm->AutumnHarrow(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(5, 11) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_autumn_harrow1, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 2, pl_ca_autumn_harrow2, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_autumn_harrow2:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(40))
        {
            if (!a_farm->AutumnHarrow(a_field, 0.0, g_date->Date() + 7 - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_autumn_harrow2, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        d1 = g_date->Date() + 1;
        if (d1 < g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 9)) {
            d1 = g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 9);
        }
        if (a_farm->IsStockFarmer()) //Stock Farmer
        {
            SimpleEvent_(d1, pl_ca_ferti_s1, false, a_farm, a_field);
        }
        else SimpleEvent_(d1, pl_ca_ferti_p1, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_stubble_harrow:
        if (!a_farm->StubbleHarrowing(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(10, 11) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_stubble_harrow, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        d1 = g_date->Date() + 1;
        if (d1 < g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 9)) {
            d1 = g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 9);
        }
        if (a_farm->IsStockFarmer()) //Stock Farmer
        {
            SimpleEvent_(d1, pl_ca_ferti_s1, false, a_farm, a_field);
        }
        else SimpleEvent_(d1, pl_ca_ferti_p1, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_p1:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(80))
        {
            if (!a_farm->FP_PK(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(15, 11) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_p1, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_winter_plough, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_s1:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(80))
        {
            if (!a_farm->FA_PK(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(15, 11) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_s1, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_winter_plough, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_winter_plough:
        if (!a_farm->WinterPlough(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(15, 11) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_winter_plough, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        if (a_farm->IsStockFarmer()) //Stock Farmer
        {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 3) + 365, pl_ca_ferti_s2, false, a_farm, a_field);
        }
        else SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(10, 3) + 365, pl_ca_ferti_p2, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_p2:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(90))
        {
            if (!a_farm->FP_NPK(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(30, 4) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_p2, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_spring_harrow, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_s2:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(90))
        {
            if (!a_farm->FA_NPK(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(30, 4) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_s2, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_spring_harrow, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_spring_harrow:
        if (!a_farm->SpringHarrow(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(10, 5) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_spring_harrow, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        d1 = g_date->Date() + 1;
        if (d1 < g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 4)) {
            d1 = g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 4);
        }
        SimpleEvent_(d1, pl_ca_preseeding_cultivator, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_preseeding_cultivator:
        // 20% will do only preseeding cultivation, the rest will do it together with bed forming
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(20))
        {
            if (!a_farm->PreseedingCultivator(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(14, 5) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_preseeding_cultivator, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_spring_sow, false, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_bed_forming, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_bed_forming:
        if (!a_farm->BedForming(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(14, 5) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_bed_forming, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_spring_sow, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_spring_sow:
        if (!a_farm->SpringSow(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(15, 5) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_spring_sow, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        // Here is a fork leading to four parallel events
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 3, pl_ca_herbicide1, false, a_farm, a_field); // Herbidide thread
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 3, pl_ca_strigling, false, a_farm, a_field); // Row cultivation
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 5), pl_ca_fungicide1, false, a_farm, a_field);    // Fungicide thread
        if (a_farm->IsStockFarmer()) //Stock Farmer                 // Microelemnts thread
        {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 5), pl_ca_ferti_s3, false, a_farm, a_field);
        }
        else SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 5), pl_ca_ferti_p3, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_strigling:
        if (a_field->GetGreenBiomass() <= 0)
        {
            if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(30) && (PL_CA_HERBI == false)) // 60% of farmers who didn't do herbicide = 30 farmers
            {
                if (!a_farm->Strigling(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(25, 5) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_strigling, true, a_farm, a_field);
                    break;
                }
                PL_CA_WEEDING = true;
            }
        }
        // End of thread
        break;
    case pl_ca_herbicide1: // The first of the pesticide managements.
        if (a_field->GetGreenBiomass() <= 0)
        {
            if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(50) && (PL_CA_WEEDING == false)) // 71% of farmers who didn't do weeding = 50 farmers
            {
                if (!a_farm->HerbicideTreat(a_field, 0.0, g_date->Date() + 10 - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_herbicide1, true, a_farm, a_field);
                    break;
                }
                PL_CA_HERBI = true;
            }
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 5, pl_ca_herbicide2, false, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_herbicide2, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_herbicide2:
        if (a_field->GetGreenBiomass() <= 0) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_herbicide2, false, a_farm, a_field);
        }
        else
        {
            if (!a_farm->HerbicideTreat(a_field, 0.0, g_date->Date() + 14 - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_herbicide2, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 14, pl_ca_herbicide3, false, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case pl_ca_herbicide3:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(50))
        {
            if (!a_farm->HerbicideTreat(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(5, 6) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_herbicide3, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        // End of thread
        break;
    case pl_ca_fungicide1:
        // Here comes the fungicide thread = MAIN thread
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(80))
        {
            if (!a_farm->FungicideTreat(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(1, 8) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_fungicide1, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 14, pl_ca_fungicide2, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_fungicide2:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(40))
        {
            if (!a_farm->FungicideTreat(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(15, 8) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_fungicide2, true, a_farm, a_field);
                break;
            }
        }
        SimpleEvent_(g_date->OldDays() + g_date->DayInYear(1, 9), pl_ca_harvest, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_p3:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(60))
        {
            if (a_field->GetGreenBiomass() <= 0) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_p3, true, a_farm, a_field);
            }
            else
            {
                if (!a_farm->FP_AmmoniumSulphate(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(31, 7) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_p3, true, a_farm, a_field);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        // End of thread
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_s3:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(60))
        {
            if (a_field->GetGreenBiomass() <= 0) {
                SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_s3, true, a_farm, a_field);
            }
            else
            {
                if (!a_farm->FA_AmmoniumSulphate(a_field, 0.0, g_date->DayInYear(31, 7) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_s3, true, a_farm, a_field);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        // End of thread
        break;
    case pl_ca_harvest:
        // Here the MAIN thread continues
        // We don't move harvest days
        if (!a_farm->Harvest(a_field, 0.0, a_field->GetMDates(0, 0) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_harvest, true, a_farm, a_field);
            break;
        }
        if (a_farm->IsStockFarmer()) //Stock Farmer
        {
            SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_s4, false, a_farm, a_field);
        }
        else SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_p4, false, a_farm, a_field);
        break;
 
 
    case pl_ca_ferti_p4:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(23))
        {
            if (a_field->GetMConstants(1) == 0) {
                if (!a_farm->FP_Calcium(a_field, 0.0, -1)) { // raise an error
                    g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "PLCarrots::Do(): failure in 'FP_Calcium' execution", "");
                    exit(1);
                }
            }
            else {
                if (!a_farm->FP_Calcium(a_field, 0.0, a_field->GetMDates(1, 1) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_p4, true, a_farm, a_field);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        done = true;
        // So we are done, and somwhere else the farmer will queue up the start event of the next crop
        // END of MAIN THREAD
        break;
    case pl_ca_ferti_s4:
        if (a_ev->m_lock || a_farm->DoIt(23))
        {
            if (a_field->GetMConstants(1) == 0) {
                if (!a_farm->FA_Calcium(a_field, 0.0, -1)) { // raise an error
                    g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "PLCarrots::Do(): failure in 'FA_Calcium' execution", "");
                    exit(1);
                }
            }
            else {
                if (!a_farm->FA_Calcium(a_field, 0.0, a_field->GetMDates(1, 1) - g_date->DayInYear())) {
                    SimpleEvent_(g_date->Date() + 1, pl_ca_ferti_s4, true, a_farm, a_field);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        done = true;
        // So we are done, and somwhere else the farmer will queue up the start event of the next crop
        // END of MAIN THREAD
        break;
    default:
        g_msg->Warn(WARN_BUG, "PLCarrots::Do(): "
            "Unknown event type! ", "");
        exit(1);
    }
    return done;
}

References Landscape::BackTranslateVegTypes(), Farm::DoIt(), g_landscape_p, Farm::GetType(), Farm::IsStockFarmer(), Crop::m_first_date, FarmEvent::m_first_year, FarmEvent::m_lock, FarmEvent::m_next_tov, FarmEvent::m_startday, FarmEvent::m_todo, pl_ca_autumn_harrow1, pl_ca_autumn_harrow2, pl_ca_bed_forming, pl_ca_ferti_p1, pl_ca_ferti_p2, pl_ca_ferti_p3, pl_ca_ferti_p4, pl_ca_ferti_s1, pl_ca_ferti_s2, pl_ca_ferti_s3, pl_ca_ferti_s4, pl_ca_fungicide1, pl_ca_fungicide2, pl_ca_harvest, PL_CA_HERBI, pl_ca_herbicide1, pl_ca_herbicide2, pl_ca_herbicide3, pl_ca_preseeding_cultivator, pl_ca_spring_harrow, pl_ca_spring_sow, pl_ca_start, pl_ca_strigling, pl_ca_stubble_harrow, PL_CA_STUBBLE_PLOUGH, pl_ca_stubble_plough, PL_CA_WEEDING, pl_ca_winter_plough, Crop::SimpleEvent_(), Farm::StubblePlough(), and tof_OptimisingFarm.

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• C:/Repo/ALMaSS_all/Landscape/cropprogs/PLCarrots.h
• C:/Repo/ALMaSS_all/Landscape/cropprogs/PLCarrots.cpp